Desk istraživanje: Primjeri dobre prakse u radu specijalizovanih servisa za pružanje podrške ženama koje su preživjele seksualno zlostavljanje/ Desk research: Good practice examples of specialized services for survivors of sexual abuse

Uvod:

 U cilju identifikovanja primjera dobre prakse u radu specijalizovanih servisa za žene i djevojčice koje su preživjele seksualno zlostavljanje u Crnoj Gori, od 5 NVO servisa u našoj zemlji sa kojima smo komunicirale, od 3 organizacije smo dobile odgovore.

Kontaktirale smo i organizaciju koja vodi liniju za pomoć žrtvama seksualnog nasilja, ali nismo dobile odgovor.

Predstavljamo primjere dobre prakse iz iskustava sljedećih organizacija: 1) SOS telefon Nikšić, 2) Centar za ženska prava, 3) Centar za romske inicijative i 4) Sigurna ženska kuća.

Slučaj SOS telefona za žene i djecu žrtve nasilja Nikšić

U 2019. godini, Nacionalna SOS linija (kojom koordinira SOS Nikšić) i Policija su pokazali primjer dobre prakse saradnjom ali i pružanjem podrške u slučaju seksualnog zlostavljanja 

U konkretnom slučaju, žrtva seksualnog nasilja je bila maloljetna djevojčica, koju je zlostavljao maloljetni rođak.

Bliska rođaka je prijavila Nacionalnoj SOS liniji kako sumnja da je djevojčica seksualno zlostavljana, na osnovu promjena u ponašanju koje je zapazila. Nacionalna linija je gospođi pružila sve neophodne informacije i osnažila je da svoje sumnje prijavi policiji. Dežurna konsultantkinja na liniji joj je ponudila pomoć vezano za sami proces kao pa je najprije kontaktirala dežurnu službu Odjeljenja bezbijednosti, čijim posredstvom je stupila u kontakt sa inspektorom. On je, shvativši ozbiljnost situacije, rekao da gospođa odmah dođe i precizirao kome da se javi te da će, kada dođe trenutak ispitivanja djevojčice, to prepustiti licima iz Centra za socijalni rad. Komunikacija i koordinacija između Nacionalne linije i inspektora je bila profesionalna i pravovremena, pri čemu su ohrabrili člana porodice da prijavi slučaj i učinili da se djevojčica i njena porodica osjećaju sigurno i zaštićeno. U ovom slučaju saradnja Nacionalne linije i Policije je dosta doprinijela istrazi.

Slučaj Centra za ženska prava

NVO Centar za ženska prava je ukazao na slučaj u kom je žrtva maloljetna djevojčica, a koji je prijavljen ove godine. Policija, Tužilaštvo i Centar za socijalni rad su postupali u skladu sa Protokolom i Istanbulskom konvencijom. Nasilnik je odmah priveden i još je u pritvoru. Sudski postupak je u toku. U ovom slučaju je Centar za ženska prava pružio psihološku podršku djevojčici. Centar naglašava da je ovo jedini primjer gdje je svaka institucija postupila adekvatno.

Slučaj Centra za romske inicijative

 Član porodice je prijavio da je maloljetna Romkinja seksualno zlostavljana od strane odraslog muškarca, pripadnika većinske populacije. Tokom procesa istrage, CRI je pružio zaštitu i podršku djevojčici.

Prema navodima ove organizacije, čak iako je seksualno zlostavljanje djeteta u krivičnom pravu naše zemlje prepoznato kao krivično djelo, državne instituacije nisu dovoljno doprinijele u dijelu istrage i zaštite djeteta.

Tokom svih faza procesa, Centar za romske inicijative je pružao uslugu pratnje povjerljivog lica, psihološke podrške i nadgledao je proces. Takođe, CRI je obezbijedio prevod. Zabrinjava ih to što su organi za sprovođenje zakona odlučili da ne postoji osnova za krivično gonjenje slučaja. Centar je ostao bez povratne informacije od tužilaštva i drugih relevantnih institucija koje su radile na slučaju, o ishodima važnim za slučaj.

Slučaj Sigurne ženske kuće

U maju 2020. godine, majka je prijavila Sigurnoj ženskoj kući da je njena maloljetna ćerka seksualno zlostavljana od strane odraslog porodičnog prijatelja, posljednjih pet godina.  

Konsultantkinje SŽK su obavile inicijalni razgovor i napravile individualni plan za podršku djevojčici. Uprkos pandemiji korona, djevojčici je direktno pružena emocionalna podrška. Nju je takođe podržao njen otac, koji je imao proaktivnu ulogu, tražeći emocionalnu i psihološku podršku za nju.

Uprkos tome što su ranije roditelji djevojčice u više navrata razgovarali sa roditeljima nasilnika, seksualno zlostavljanje se i dalje dešavalo.  Nasilnik je koristio razne načine manipulacije i tehnike zastrašivanja koji su jako povrijedili djevojčicu (postala je veoma stidljiva, uznemirena i izgubljena; nije provodila vrijeme sa svojim prijateljima i drugarima iz odjeljenja, nije učila školsko gradivo). Povjerljivo lice iz SŽK je zahtijevalo da se djevojčica ne ispituje u policiji, već isključivo jednom,  treba da je sasluša stručno lice Vrhovnog državnog tužilaštva. Povjerljivo lice je izdejstvovalo da djevojčica bude saslušana u screen sobi Tužilaštva, gdje snimljena izjava.  Tokom različitih faza procesa, SŽK je obezbijedio sljedeće sevise djevojčici:

inicijalno savjetovanje, pomoć i podršku, pratnju povjerljivog lica, zastupanje pred državnim institucijama, upućivanje na psihološki tretman.

Majci djevojčice obezbijeđena je podrška, informisanje o institucionalnim procesima, savjetovanje i ohrabrivanje za prevazilaženje traume.

Ovaj slučaj je okončan odlukom Državnog tužilaštva da odbaci prijavu jer, prema njihovim navodima, nema elemenata gonjenja po krivičnoj dužnosti.

Statistike

Tabela: Broj prijavljenih slučajeva nevladinim organizacijama

– Prema Studiji o seksualnom nasilju u Crnoj Gori, koju se uradile SŽK i SOS Nikšić, oko 33, 3 posto intervjuisanih vjeruju da postoje specijalizovani servisi podrške ženama i djeci koji su preživjeli nasilje, dok 26, 67 posto intrevjuisanih ne zna da li postoje ovakvi servisi.

-Prema istraživanju ŽNVO (SŽK i SOS Niksic)[1], sprovedenom na uzorku od 100 ispitanica koje su preživjele seksualno nasilje (89 žena i 11 djevojčica):

• 65 % odraslih žena je seksualno zlostavljano od strane svojih partnera;
• samo 12 % (7 žena) je prijavilo nasilje;
• 82 žene su se za pomoć obratile organizacijama SOS Niksic i SŽK;
• 5 od 11 slučajeva gdje su seksualno nasilje preživjele maloljetne djevojčice, je prijavljeno institucijama;
• 24 od 100 intervjuisanih boravilo je u skloništima organizacija SOS Nikšić i SŽK;
• 32 žene i djevojčice su imale psihološku podršku i savjetovanje od strane ogranizacije SOS Nikšić i SŽK.

Prema podacima Ministarstva pravde, u periodu između januara 2013. i marta 2018. godine, izrečeno je 36 presuda u slučajevima seksualnog nasilja nad djecom (94 posto su zatvorske kazne, a ostale su mjere upozorenja).[2]

[1] Dostupno na linku: http://szk.org.me/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Studija-o-seksualnom-nasilju-nad-%C5%BEenama-i-djecom-u-Crnoj-Gori-web.pdf

[2] TV prilog sa izjavom zvaničnice Ministarstva pravde:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ONTisGdRrDY&t=17s

Introduction:

 With aim to identify good practice examples within specialized services for survivors of sexual abuse in Montenegro, we reached 3 of 5 contacted women NGO services in our country.

We contacted an organization that run helpline for sexual violence and didn’t received response.

We will present the example cases by: 1) SOS Centre Niksic, 2) Women’s Rights Center, 3) Center for Roma Initiative and 4) Women’s Safe House.

Case of SOS Centre for Women and Children Victims of Violence Niksic

In 2019, National SOS Helpline (run by SOS Centre Niksic) and Police showed good example of cooperation and support in a case of sexual abuse 

In this case, a victim of sexual violence was an underage girl, abused by an underage cousin.

A close female family member reported a suspicion to the National Helpline that the girl is being sexually abused based on witnessed behavioral changes. The family member was given information and was supported by the National helpline to report suspicions of abuse to police. The Helpline consultant offered help to walk her through the process and let her know what to expect. The consultant contacted a responsible police officer, forwarded him the allegation about the victims and abuse, and then referred the member of family to the police officer.  The police officer understood the circumstances and acted urgently. The police officer initiated multiagency response and invited Centre for Social Care to be involved. Communication and coordination among the National Helpline and Police officer was timely and professional. The Helpline and Police officer encouraged the family member to proceed reporting of the abuse and make her feel safe and protected.

In this case, the cooperation of the National Helpline and Police officials was timely, professional, what greatly contributed to investigation process.

Case of WOMEN’S RIGHTS CENTER

In 2020, NGO Women’s Rights Center reflects on a case of an underage girl. Where the Police, Prosecutor Office and Center for Social Care have acted in accordance with the national Protocol and Istanbul Convention. The perpetrator was immediately detained and is still in custody. The criminal court proceedings are ongoing. In this case, Women’s Rights Center provides psychological support to the girl. The Centre emphasizes this as the unique example of good response by the state institutions.

Case of Centre for Roma Initiative

 A family member reported an underage Roma girl is being sexually abused by adult man,

who is a member of majority population.  WNGO Center for Roma Initiatives provided

support and advocacy on behalf of the girl during investigation of the case.

According the NGO allegation, even if the sexual abuse of a child is criminal offence in

our country, state institutions responsible for investigation and protection of victims didn’t contributed enough. During all stages of the process, Centre for Roma Initiatives had a role of confidant and monitored the process. During investigation the cconfidant supported the girl and provided translation. It concerns that law enforcement authorities decided that there is no basis for criminal prosecution of the case. The Centre was left with no notification from the prosecution and other relevant law enforcement institutions on the case outcomes.

Case  of Women Safe House

In May 2020, a mother reported to NGO Women Safe House that underage daughter is being abused by an adult family friend in the course of 5 yrs .

Consultants of WSH made initial interview and then an individual plan for support to the girl. Even if corona time was out there, the girl was provided with direct emotional support. The girl has been strongly supported by her father too, who took proactive role and seek  emotional and psychological support for her.

At the same time, the sexual abuse still continues. The abuser use different manipulation and intimidation techniques what harm her badly (she became shy, lost and upset, she did not spend time with her friends and schoolmates, she could not study).

Confidant from WSH demended the girl shouldnt be interviewed by police , but once  in prosecutor office.. The confident had succeeded and the girl have been interviewed once in a screen room, where the statement was recoreded by prosecutor.

During different stages of the process NGO Women Safe House provided following services to the girl:  initial counselling, help and support, confidant service, advocacy before state institutions, referrals to psychological treatment.

The mother of the girls was provided with support, information about institutional procedures, counseling, and support of parental role in the traumatic experience.

The case ended up by the State Prosecution decision to reject the case, due to lack of elements of crime.

Statistics

Table: Number of reported cases to NGOs

-According to Study on Sexual Violence and Response in Montenegro, which was done last year by Safe House and SOS Centre Niksic about 33, 3 percent of interviewed believe that there are specialised support services for support to survivors of sexual violence and 26,67 percent of interviewed don’t know if there are any specialized services for survivors of sexual abuse.

-According to research of WNGOs (Women’s Safe House and SOS hotline Niksic)[1], conducted between 100 survivors of sexual violence (89 women and 11 girls):

• 65 % of women were sexually abused by their partners;
• only 12 % (7 women) reported the violence;
• 82 women asked Sos Niksic and WSH for help;
• 5 of 11 cases where survivors are underage girls were reported to institutions;
• 24 of 100 interviewed survivors resided in shelters of SOS Niksic and WSH;
• 32 women and girls had psychological support and counseling by SOS Niksic and WSH.

According to data of Ministry of Justice, in the period between Janury, 2013 – March, 2018, 36 final judgements rendered in cases of child sexual abuse (94% were sentenced to prison, others got warning measures)[2].

[1] Avaliable on the following link: http://szk.org.me/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Studija-o-seksualnom-nasilju-nad-%C5%BEenama-i-djecom-u-Crnoj-Gori-web.pdf

[2] TV attachment which contains statement from official of  Ministry of justice (link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ONTisGdRrDY&t=17s)