BiH: Stonger Systemic Action Needed on Prevention of Femicide in Western Balkan Region /BiH: Potrebna snažnija sistemska akcija na prevenciji femicida u regiji Zapadnog Balkana

6 December 2021 – The regional network of women’s CSOs working on prevention and combating violence against women, involving the Autonomous Women’s Center from Serbia, Gender Alliance for Development Center (GADC) and Albanian Women Empowerment Network (AWEN) from Albania, Kosovo Women’s Network, National Network to End Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence from North Macedonia, Center for Women’s Rights from Montenegro, and Foundation United Women from Bosnia and Herzegovina prepared review of cases of femicide in the Western Balkan region – 2020 baseline report.

In total fifty-five (55) cases of femicide were identified based on continuous monitoring of media news and data provided by General Directorate of State Police (Albania), out of which seven (7) cases of femicide were identified and analyzed for Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Identified femicide cases in the Western Balkan region in 2020 indicate following common characteristics:

–Every second woman was killed by her husband or partner in their common house/apartment, which indicates that women are in the greatest risk of aggravated violence and becoming victims of murder in their closest family settings or in intimate relationships.

–Women of all age groups are in risk of being victims of femicide, with increased occurrence in a particular age group – collected data from media reports and police indicate that women in 46-55 age group are predominant victims. The youngest identified woman victim was nineteen (19) years old, and the oldest woman victim was eighty-five (85) years old.

– 65% of cases of femicide occurred in urban areas while 35% occurred in rural or suburban areas, which indicate that urban settings pose greater risks for women to be exposed to grave forms of violence, including murder, despite availability of subjects of protection (police, centers for social work, health centers, prosecutor’s offices, courts, etc.).

– Only in relation to eleven (11) cases of murders of women (20%), media reports clearly indicate that women reported violence, usually repeatedly, namely to the police or the centers for social work and prosecutor’s offices. In 60% of cases of murders of women, violence was not previously reported to the public institutions (police, centers for social work, prosecutor’s offices, etc.)

–Every third woman victim was murdered with firearms (guns, automatic rifles, explosive devices) – in majority of cases, media reports indicate that firearms were in illegal possession of
the perpetrator, or this fact was not given focus.

– Men of all age groups are identified as the perpetrators of murders of women, with increased occurrence in particular age group – media and police reports indicate that men in age group 46 – 55 are predominant perpetrators of murders of women, with the youngest perpetrator identified as seventeen (17) years old and the oldest perpetrator identified as eighty-five (85) years old. By available data, every third perpetrator committed or attempted suicide after murdering a woman victim, with the highest prevalence of suicide/attempted suicide of the
perpetrators identified in Serbia – with every second perpetrator committing or attempting suicide.

– Observed available circumstances that leaded to cases of murders of women in all countries in the region indicate greater risk of femicide in cases when women victims left their
husbands/partners and necessity of stronger actions of public institutions in terms of ensuring risk assessments as well protection and care for women who leave their violent husbands or
partners, or are exposed to continuous stalking, spying, harassment, threats, or other forms of violence, especially in cases when violence was repeatedly reported by victims of persons in
their close environment.

The baseline report on femicide cases in the Western Balkan region in 2020 has been prepared as a part of the regional project “Institutionalizing Quality Rehabilitation and Integration Services for Violence Survivors”, funded by the Austrian Development Agency (ADA) with funds of Austrian Development Cooperation.

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6. decembar 2021 – Regionalna mreža za borbu protiv nasilja prema ženama, u kojoj učestvuju Autonomni ženski centar iz Srbije, Gender Alliance for Development Center (GADC) i Albanian Women Empowerment Network (AWEN) iz Albanije, Mreža žena Kosova, Nacionalna mreža za zaustavljanje nasilja prema ženama i nasilja u porodici iz Sjeverne Makedonije, Centar za ženska prava iz Crne Gore i Fondacija Udružene žene iz Bosne i Hercegovine pripremila je pregled slučajeva femicida u regiji Zapadnog Balkana – osnovni izvještaj za 2020.g.

Ukupno 55 slučajeva femicida je identifikovano kontinuiranim praćenjem medijskih izvještaja i podataka koji su dobijeni od Generalnog direktorata državne policije (Albanija), od kojih je 7 slučajeva femicida identifikovano i analizirano u Bosni i Hercegovini.

Identifikovani slučajevi femicida u regiji Zapadnog Balkana u 2020 ukazuju na sljedeće zajedničke karakteristike:

-Svaka druga žena je ubijena od strane supruga ili partnera u njihovoj zajedničkoj kući/stanu, što ukazuje da su žene u najvedem riziku da budu izložene težim oblicima nasilja i ubistvima u svom najužem porodičnom okruženju ili intimnim partnerskim vezama.

– Žene svih starosnih grupa su u riziku da postanu žrtve femicida, sa povećanom pojavnošću u određenoj starosnoj gupi – prikupljeni podaci ukazuju da su žene u dobi 46-55 godina starosti najčešće žrtve. Najmlađa identifikovana žena žrtva femicida je imala 19 godina, a najstarija 85 godina.

– 65% slučajeva femicida se dogodilo u urbanim područjima dok je 35% slučajeva identifikovano u ruralnim ili prigradskim područjima, što ukazuje da urbana područja predstavljaju veći rizik za žene da budu izložene težim oblicima nasilja, uključujući ubistva, bez obzira na dostupnost subjekata zaštite (policija, centri za socijalni rad, zdravstvene ustanove, tužilaštva, sudovi, drugo).

– Samo u vezi sa 11 slučajeva ubistava žena (20%), izvještavanje medija jasno ukazuje da su žene prijavljivale nasilje, obično u više navrata, i to policiji, centrima za socijalni rad i tužilaštvima. U 60% slučajeva ubistava žena, nasilje nije predhodno prijavljivano javnim institucijama (policiji, centrima za socijalni rad, tužilaštvima ili drugim institucijama).

– Svaka treća žena žrtva je ubijena vatrenim oružjem (pištolji, automatske puške, eksplozivne naprave) – u vedini slučajeva, medijski izvještaji ukazuju da je vatreno oružje bilo u nezakonitom posjedu počinioca nasilja, ili ovom pitanju nije posvećena pažnja.

–Muškarci svih starosnih grupa su identifikovani kao počinioci ubistava žena, sa povećanom pojavnošću u određenoj starosnoj grupi – izvještaji medija i policije ukazuju da su muškarci u dobi 46 – 55 godina starosti najčešći počinioci ubistava žena. Najmlađi identifikovani počinilac ima 17 godina, a najstariji 85 godina. Prema dostupnim podacima, svaki treći počinilac je izvršio ili pokušao izvršiti samoubistvo nakon ubistva žene žrtve, a najveći broj slučajeva samoubistava/pokušaja samoubistava počinilaca je identifikovan u Srbiji – gdje je svaki drugi
počinilac izvršio ili pokušao samoubistvo.

– Posmatrani dostupni podaci o okolnostima koje su predhodile slučajevima ubistava žena u svim zemljama u regiji ukazuju na veći rizik od femicida u situacijama kada su žene žrtve
napustile svoje muževe/partnere i neophodnost snažnijih aktivnosti javnih institucija u pravcu osiguravanja procjene rizika kao i zaštite i brige za žene koje napuste svoje nasilne muževe ili
partnere ili su izložene kontinuiranom uznemiravanju, špijuniranju, praćenju, prijetnjama idrugim oblicima nasilja, naročito u slučajevima kada su žrtve nasilja ili osobe u njihovom bliskom
okruženju više puta prijavljivale nasilje.

Osnovni izvještaj o slučajevima femicida u regiji Zapadnog Balkana u 2020.g. je pripremljen kao dio regionalnog projekta „Institucionalizacija kvalitetnih usluga za rehabilitaciju i
integraciju žena koje su preživjele nasilje“ koji je finansiran od Austrijske razvojne agencije (ADA) sredstvima Austrijske razvojne saradnje.